Why can dry rub fastness pass while wet rub fails?
Increasing effective binder can improve pigment fixation but change fabric handle. Dry rub results alone cannot resolve that trade-off.
Use a dry-binder dose series
Fix pigment, fabric and paste add-on. Vary binder on dry solids and record actual curing temperature and time. Report dry rub, wet rub and blind handle assessment separately.
What if wash resistance improves but fabric handle stiffens?
Run a dry-basis dose series in one shade. Compare film thickness and softness before approving the sample. Pigment printing on cotton: At equal pigment and dry binder addition, compare dry and wet rubbing fastness. Printing on blends: Control baking conditions and film thickness. Inspect handle, wash resistance and cracking after stretching.
Checking Nonvolatile content and Viscosity
Nonvolatile content (% by mass): Use the specified drying procedure to verify dry-basis addition. Viscosity (mPa·s): Specify temperature, spindle and sample condition. Rubbing fastness (Grade): Use the same curing procedure and report dry and wet rubbing fastness separately.
What to record
- Dry pigment-to-binder ratio
- Curing conditions
- Dry rub fastness
- Wet rub fastness
- Fabric handle
Technical references
Products and processes
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