Why do silicates with the same modulus have different viscosities?
Modulus describes a compositional ratio. Solids, temperature and water quality also affect flow and deposition. White marks alone do not identify a lot impurity.
Use water controls and a rinse blank
Match supplied solids and test temperature. Compare plant water with control water, rinse matching fabric under identical conditions and include a blank without sodium silicate.
Why does a deposit form on cloth or equipment?
Check hardness ions, concentration and rinsing. Include a silicate-free blank. Cotton bleaching auxiliaries: At actual water hardness, record whiteness, handle and deposits. Ingredients for alkaline processes: On an active-solids basis, check liquid metering, dissolution and cleaning residue.
Checking Silica-to-soda ratio and Solids
Silica-to-soda ratio (SiO₂/Na₂O molar ratio): State whether the ratio is molar and report the contents of both components. Solids (% by mass): Specify the drying or chemical analysis method. Liquid density (g/cm³): State the temperature. For solids, check dissolution conditions separately.
What to record
- Silica-to-soda ratio
- Solids
- Sample temperature
- Water hardness
- Deposit after rinsing
Technical references
Products and processes
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